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Citrus
Volume 1 cover featuring Mei (left) and Yuzu Aihara (right)
GenreRomance, yuri[1]
Manga
Written bySaburouta
Published byIchijinsha
English publisher
ImprintYuri Hime Comics
MagazineComic Yuri Hime
Original runNovember 17, 2012 – August 18, 2018
Volumes10
Anime television series
Directed byTakeo Takahashi
Written byNaoki Hayashi
Music byRyō Takahashi
StudioPassione
Licensed byCrunchyroll[2]
Original networkAT-X, Tokyo MX, Sun TV, BS Fuji
Original run January 6, 2018 – March 24, 2018
Episodes12
Manga
Citrus Plus
Written bySaburouta
Published byIchijinsha
MagazineComic Yuri Hime
Original runDecember 18, 2018 – present

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Citrus is a Japanese yurimanga series written and illustrated by Saburouta. The series was serialized in Ichijinsha's Comic Yuri Hime from November 2012 to August 2018 and is licensed in English by Seven Seas Entertainment. A 12-episode anime television series adaptation by Passione aired between January and March 2018. A sequel manga titled Citrus Plus began serialization in December 2018.

  • 2Characters
  • 3Media

Plot[edit]

Yuzu Aihara, a fashionable, spontaneous and fun-loving city-girl, transfers to a new neighborhood and high-school after her mother's remarriage to another man. More preoccupied with boys and shopping than studying, Yuzu struggles to fit in at the conservative girls' school and frequently clashes with the student council—specifically Mei Aihara, the hard-working, beautiful but cold student council president. As it turns out, Mei happens to be Yuzu's new step-sister and Yuzu finds herself having to share a bedroom with a girl she absolutely can't stand. The series follows the evolution of the relationship between the two girls, with the animosity slowly lessening as the two begin to learn more about each other and confusion growing as Yuzu discovers that she is starting to develop romantic feelings for her new step-sister.

Characters[edit]

Main characters[edit]

Yuzu Aihara (藍原 柚子Aihara Yuzu)
Voiced by: Ayana Taketatsu (Japanese); Megan Shipman (English)[3][4]
Yuzu is a self-proclaimed gyaru and Mei Aihara's older step-sister. Her father died when she was very young. She dyes her hair blonde, and has green eyes. She is a daring, outspoken, and often shameless only child who transfers to an all-girls school-(Aihara Girls Academy) after her mother gets remarried. She enjoys dressing up, wearing makeup and customizing her school uniform in ways that clash with her school's code of conduct, often leading to altercations with the student council. Although her former friends believed her to be quite experienced in dating and relationships, she confesses she has never had a boyfriend. Although she appears quite ditzy at times, with hard work she is able to achieve test results within the school's top 100, to Himeko's surprise.
Upon transferring Yuzu instantly befriends the like-minded Harumi Taniguchi, and the two are often seen breaking school rules together. On the other hand, she instantly dislikes Mei, perplexed by her cold attitude and random sexual advances. Despite this, Yuzu's frustration eventually turns into a strong romantic attraction, and she develops a protectiveness for Mei and a deep concern for her well-being. Despite Yuzu struggling with her romantic interest in Mei, she also tries her best to be a good older sister figure, doing her best to mend the relationship between Mei and her father and doing what she can to offer support. She has a childhood friend named Matsuri, who lived close to her old house and used to be like a sister to her.
Mei Aihara (藍原 芽衣Aihara Mei)
Voiced by: Minami Tsuda (Japanese); Amber Lee Connors (English)[3][4]
Mei is the beautiful and serious Student Council President, honor student, school chairman's granddaughter, and now Yuzu's younger step-sister (although the two of them are in the same grade and class together). She is stern, cold and composed, but has a short temper. Although greatly respected by the student body, she may on occasion act or speak cruelly. This trait, as well as the fact that Mei often makes sexual advances toward her simply to manipulate her, greatly frustrates Yuzu. Mei was initially arranged to marry an elite teacher from her school, but Yuzu later discovered that he only intended to use her for her money and revealed his transgressions, leading him to leave. As Yuzu gets to know her more, she is shown to be rather sensitive and lonely, which often stirs Yuzu's protective side.
Mei once looked up to her father (who is now divorced) greatly, believing that he would one day be chairman and herself after him. However, he instead left his position as a teacher and abandoned Mei to travel the world, making Mei the successor to the school and increasing her work load and burden because of it. Mei toiled for the sake of her father, believing that she should work hard and keep the school safe for when he came back, but when she realizes he has no intention of going back to work at the school she becomes resentful and their relationship sours. Although she wishes to better her relationship with her father, she struggles to accept who he has become, and feels she has nothing left living for as taking care of the school for the sake of her father had been her assumed purpose in life. However, Yuzu's influence leads her to begin repairing the damaged relationship with her father, as well as to searching for her own purpose in life.
In later chapters, Mei reciprocates Yuzu's romantic feelings to some degree, becoming rather possessive of her due to Matsuri's advances on Yuzu; opening up to her, and feeling guilty when she believes Yuzu is troubled or sad because of her actions. She expresses to Matsuri she's thankful for having met Yuzu.
Harumi Taniguchi (谷口 はるみTaniguchi Harumi)
Voiced by: Yukiyo Fujii (Japanese); Margaret McDonald (English)[3][4]
Often referred to as 'Harumin' (はるみん), she befriends Yuzu on her first day of school, calling herself a 'gyaru in disguise' and showing Yuzu the ropes at her new school. Although she has adapted to fit in at the school, Harumi was also a transfer and is quite different from the conservative girls around her, taking no interest in fawning over Mei Aihara, the student council president, and often breaks the school rules by taking her phone to school, and going out after school hours. She is perky, kind, perceptive, humorous, easy-going and an overall good friend towards Yuzu, often lending her comfort and aide in the wake of the ups and downs of Yuzu's life. She often packs many items within her cleavage, and she has an older sister whom she is slightly fearful of.

Aihara Academy[edit]

Himeko Momokino (桃木野 姫子Momokino Himeko)
Voiced by: Yurika Kubo (Japanese); Bryn Apprill (English)[3][4]
Himeko is a Student Council Member and Mei's childhood friend and current right hand. She is from a very wealthy family, having a chauffeur and at least one butler. On weekends she can be seen wearing lolita fashion. She is stern, forward and jealous, and has quite a volatile personality. She is in love with Mei and is very possessive of her, becoming jealous when Yuzu enters her life. She has a small dog named Pucchi.
Kayo Maruta (丸田 加代Maruta Kayo)
Voiced by: Ikumi Hayama (Japanese); Natalie Hoover (English)[5][4]
The second student council vice-president, a shy second-year student who is very close to Harumi's sister Mitsuko, being her vice-president before Mitsuko left the school. She is the only one bold enough to talk to Mitsuko casually, even referring to her as 'Micchan' (みっちゃん). She was shown to constantly mock Mitsuko for being immature and scaring Harumi away, but ultimately had a crush on Mitsuko.
Nene Nomura (野村 寧音Nomura Nene)
Nene is an energetic first year who looks to Yuzu as a role model; an inspiration to become braver and speaking up. It's later proven that she is also an intense yuri shipper, specifically of Yuzu and Harumi. She is grateful of Yuzu and the others for having accepted her, even after all of the trouble she unintentionally caused them.
Suzuran Shiraho (白帆 鈴蘭Shiraho Suzuran)
Suzuran is an extremely observant and unflappable third year of the Aihara Academy. She has an immense infatuation for Mei, for she is the only person that she cannot read. Consequently, she spends all of her free time observing her, thus why she is in need of summer supplementary lessons. Suzuran comes from a rich family who refrain from expressing emotions in order to not be taken advantage of by others. She also has an older stepbrother.
Chairman (理事長Rijichō)
Voiced by: Kinryū Arimoto (Japanese); Charlie Campbell (English)[4]
Shō's father and Mei's grandfather, who disliked Yuzu at first due to her breaking his school's rules and expelled her after walking in on Mei sexually assaulting Yuzu, assuming Yuzu was the one attacking. He later pardons her after she saves his life by calling him an ambulance after she finds him collapsed. Mei has taken Chairman duties until he returns.
Raw Yuri Manga Download

Others[edit]

Matsuri Mizusawa (水沢 まつりMizusawa Matsuri)
Voiced by: Sayaka Horino (PV, drama CD),[6]Shiori Izawa (anime)[3] (Japanese); Kristi Rothrock (English)[4]
Matsuri is an only child, whose parents are always working and do not really pay attention to her. She is Yuzu's childhood friend who lived close to her before she moved to the Aihara residence, and a second-year in middle school. Matsuri is precocious and smart for her age, and does not mind her words. She can be mischievous at times and she enjoys teasing people, especially Yuzu and Harumi. Like Mei, she tends to be manipulative. She sells masturbation videos she finds on the Internet to old men through a phone app, pretending they are hers, as a means of income. She eventually develops feelings for Harumi, even claiming to be her girlfriend.
Sara Tachibana (タチバナ・サラTachibana Sara)
Voiced by: Hisako Kanemoto[7] (Japanese); Felecia Angelle (English)[4]
Sara is a student from a different school. She falls in love with Mei at first sight, but after finding out about her relationship with Yuzu, she gives up on Mei in order to support their love. Sara is very superstitious and ardently believes in things such as luck and destiny. She is very short, and has a younger twin sister, named Nina.
Nina Tachibana (タチバナ・ニナTachibana Nina)
Voiced by: Rei Matsuzaki[7] (Japanese); Megan Emerick (English)[4]
She is Sara's younger twin sister, who happens to be much taller. She is a skeptical and does not believe in fate. She worries very much for her Sara, so she tried to help her and Mei getting together, and tried to prevent Yuzu from getting in their way.
Mitsuko Taniguchi (谷口 みつ子Taniguchi Mitsuko)
The older sister of Harumi Taniguchi. She is the former Student Council President of the Aihara Academy. She was very close to Kayo, who still remains a part of the student council to this very day, when she was still in the academy.
Ichika (イチカ)
A school friend of Nina and Sara. She seems to have been the one to introduce Nina to Momoiro Shimai, and is also the school's Student Council President, being the complete opposite of Mei at that.
Udagawa (宇田川)
The manager of the café where Yuzu worked part-time for some time in order to buy her a ring. Despite not knowing who is Yuzu's lover, he supports their relationship. It is revealed that he was Mei's fiancé, for a short time. But after finding out that Mei is Yuzu's lover he calls off the engagement to support their love.
Raw
Kana (カナ) and Manami (まなみ)
Voiced by: Haruka Yamazaki (Kana), Yuka Ōtsubo (Manami) (Japanese); Michelle Rojas (Kana), Brittany Lauda (Manami) (English)[4]
Yuzu's friends since middle school. They lost contact when Yuzu transferred schools, but she met them again while working part-time back in her old city. She revealed that she was dating, but was unable to tell them she was dating a girl after they showed homophobic behavior in front of her. One of them has black hair, and the other has brown hair.
Shō Aihara (藍原 翔Aihara Shō)
Voiced by: Tomoaki Maeno[7] (Japanese); David Wald (English)[4]
He is Mei's divorced father and Yuzu's step-father.
Ume Aihara (藍原 梅Aihara Ume)
Voiced by: Kana Ueda[7] (Japanese); Terri Doty (English)[4]
She is Yuzu's widowed mother and Mei's step-mother.
Amamiya (雨宮Amamiya-sensei)
Voiced by: Shō Nogami[7] (Japanese); Dave Trosko (English)[4]
A homeroom teacher at Aihara Girls Academy. He was Mei's fiancée until he gets fired from the school after Yuzu revealed his sexual advances to the entire school.

Media[edit]

Manga[edit]

Citrus is written and illustrated by Saburouta. It was serialized in Ichijinsha's bimonthly magazine Comic Yuri Hime from November 17, 2012 to August 18, 2018.[8][9][10] Ichijinsha has released nine tankōbon volumes since July 2013.[11][12] To advertise the third volume of the manga, a PV covering the story up to that point was uploaded to Ichijinsha's YouTube channel on November 18, 2014. A drama CD was released with the fourth manga volume in July 2015.[13] The manga is licensed in English by Seven Seas Entertainment, who began releasing the series in December 2014.[14] It has also been licensed in Germany,[15] Thailand,[16] and Taiwan.[17] A sequel manga series, Citrus Plus, launched on December 18, 2018.[18]

No.Japanese release dateJapanese ISBNEnglish release dateEnglish ISBN
1 July 18, 2013[11]ISBN978-4-758072-64-9December 16, 2014[14][19]ISBN978-1-626921-40-5
  1. 'Love Affair?'
  2. 'One's First Love'
  3. 'Love My Sister×××'
  4. 'Sisterly Love?'
  • Extra:
    • Citrus+ 1:
      • 'Couldn't Hide It'
      • 'Harumin and Glasses-Senpai' (はるみんとメガネ先輩Harumin to Megane-Senpai)
      • 'Mei and Mr. Bear' (芽衣とクマさんMei to Kuma-san)
2 March 18, 2014[20]ISBN978-4-758072-97-7April 7, 2015[19]ISBN978-1-626921-41-2
  • Extra:
    • Citrus+ 2:
      • 'A Bear Here, Too'
      • 'Accident'
      • 'Not Together'
    • Citrus+ 2.5: 'Technical Difficulties'
3 November 18, 2014[21]ISBN978-4-758073-72-1August 18, 2015[19]ISBN978-4-758073-72-1
  1. 'Love or Lie!'
  2. 'Love of War'
  3. 'Love is Blind'
  4. 'Love is'
  • Extra:
    • Citrus+ 3:
      • 'Hide it All You Want, Your Sister Will Find It'
      • 'Teasing Onee-chan'
      • 'It's Coming for Onee-chan'
      • 'Matsuri and Harumin'
4 July 18, 2015[22]ISBN978-4-758074-49-0December 29, 2015[19]ISBN978-1-626922-17-4
  1. 'Winter of Love'
  2. 'The Course of Love'
  3. 'Love You Only'
  4. 'My Love Goes On And On'
  • Extra:
    • Citrus+ 4: 'Sara and Mei'
5 May 18, 2016[23]ISBN978-4-758075-40-4September 6, 2016[19]ISBN978-1-626922-67-9
  1. 'To be in Love'
  2. 'Love Birds!?'
  3. 'Love and Friendship'
  4. 'Love Yourself'
  • Extra:
    • Citrus+ 5:
      • 'My Older Sister Should Have Been More Careful' (お姉ちゃんはツメが甘いOnee-chan wa Tsume ga Amai)
      • 'My Younger Sister is Currently Jealous' (妹はヤキモチやきImōto wa Yakimochi Yaki)
      • 'Mitsuko and Glasses-Senpai' (みつ子とメガネ後輩Mitsuko to Megane-Senpai)
    • Leaflet:
      • 'Nene's HaruYuzu Adventure' (ネネのはるゆず道Nene no HaruYuzu Michi)
      • 'Seeing New Facial Expressions......' (いろんな表情がみたいから……Ironna Hyōjō ga Mitai Kara......)
    • 'Love Triangle!?' (Chapter 17.5)
6 December 17, 2016[24]ISBN978-4-758076-24-1August 22, 2017[19]ISBN978-1-626925-12-0
  1. 'Dear Lover'
  2. 'Love Notes'
  3. 'The Way I Love'
  4. 'Not Give Up Love'
  • Extra:
    • Citrus+ 6:
    • 'A Sign'
    • 'Mei Aihara and Spicy Food'
    • Leaflet:
      • 'Momoiro Shimai 1' (ももいろ姉妹①)
      • 'Momoiro Shimai 2' (ももいろ姉妹②)
7 June 16, 2017[25]ISBN978-4-758076-73-9February 13, 2018[19]ISBN978-1-626926-85-1
  1. 'Love One Another'
  2. 'In Fear of Love'
  3. 'The One You Love'
  4. 'Love EXE.'
  • Extra:
    • Citrus+ 7:
    • 'I Don't Understand Your Taste'
    • 'Aihara and Taniguchi'
    • 'Study at Shiraho's House'
8 October 18, 2017[26]ISBN978-4-758077-41-5August 28, 2018[19]ISBN978-1-626928-94-7
  1. 'Summer of Love'
  2. 'Secret Love'
  3. 'Live to Love'
  4. 'Lovey Dovey'
  • Extra:
    • Citrus+ 8:
    • 'Papa and mama'
9 March 23, 2018[12]ISBN978-4-758077-93-4March 19, 2019[19]ISBN978-1-642750-11-9
  1. 'Form of love'
  2. 'My love and your love'
  3. 'Love actually'
  4. 'Whereabouts of love'
  • Extra:
    • Citrus+ 9
10 October 18, 2018[27]ISBN978-4-758078-73-3July 23, 2019[19]ISBN978-1-642751-03-1
  1. 'Love is over...?'
  2. 'In love because'
  3. 'With love'
  4. 'Love your life'
  5. 'Love forever'
  • Extra:
    • Citrus+ 10

Anime[edit]

An anime television series adaptation, directed by Takeo Takahashi and animated by Passione, aired on AT-X between January 6 and March 24, 2018.[28] Naoki Hayashi is in charge of overseeing scripts and Izuro Ijuuin is in charge of designing the characters and is credited as chief animation director. Lantis is producing the music, while Infinite is credited with producing the anime.[5] The opening theme is 'Azalea' (アザレアAzarea) by Nano Ripe, and the ending theme is 'Dear Teardrop' by Mia Regina.[29]Crunchyroll simulcast the series while Funimation is streaming the English dub.[30]

No.Title[a]Original air date
1'love affair!?'January 6, 2018
After her mother Ume remarries, Yuzu Aihara begins attending Aihara Academy, quickly getting in trouble with the student council president Mei over her gyaru appearance. After making friends with her classmate Harumi Tanaguchi, Yuzu spots Mei being kissed by one of the teachers, Amamiya. Upon returning home, Yuzu is shocked to discover that because of Ume's remarriage, Mei has become her new step-sister and moved in with them. Later that night, as Yuzu presses Mei about what happened earlier, Yuzu is further taken aback when Mei suddenly kisses her.
2'one's first love'January 13, 2018
As Yuzu remains bewildered by Mei's actions towards her, she gets on bad terms with the school's chairman, Mei's grandfather. She and Harumi then overhear Amamiya, Mei's alleged fiancée, speaking with his own lover, learning that he is just marrying Mei for her money and status. Despite Mei stating that she already knows and doesn't care, Yuzu notices her crying in her sleep over her father. The next day, Yuzu takes the stage to publicly announce Amamiya's affair in front of the whole school, using her status as the chairman's granddaughter to support her claims. That night, however, Yuzu discovers that Mei has been taken away to the chairman's place, leaving Ume distraught. Feeling guilty, Yuzu goes to the chairman's house to confront Mei over how she really feels, but gets caught in a compromising position by the chairman, who expels her. Explaining her situation to Harumi, Yuzu comes to the realization that she is in love with Mei.
3'sisterly love?'January 20, 2018
Deciding to confront the chairman following encouragement from Harumi, Yuzu finds him collapsed on the floor and rushes him to the hospital. Thankful for Yuzu's help, the chairman decides to revoke her expulsion and allows Mei to live how she chooses to, leading her to return back to Yuzu's home. Later, as Yuzu becomes conflicted between her feelings for Mei and her role as a sister, she becomes upset when Mei states that the kiss between them was just a means of shutting her up. The next day, as Mei confronts Yuzu about a yuri incest manga amongst her belongings, Yuzu kisses her, blaming her for the way she is feeling before running off in tears.
4'love me do!'January 27, 2018
As Yuzu avoids coming home out of fear of having to face Mei, she is approached by Himeko Momokino, the student council vice-president and Mei's childhood friend, about what their relationship is. After telling Yuzu about how Mei's father left her, Himeko lies about Mei being hurt by Yuzu's actions, leading her to feel guilty until she runs into Mei, who calls her by her first name and tells Himeko that they are now sisters. Later that night, Mei apologises to Yuzu and gives her first mutual kiss. The next day, Himeko, jealous of how close Yuzu is to Mei, forces herself upon Mei and later brags about 'crossing the line' with her to Yuzu, who becomes anxious when Mei won't tell her anything about it.
5'under lover'February 3, 2018
After receiving some amusement park tickets from Harumi, Yuzu asks Mei to accompany her as she goes to meet her father. Along the way, Mei tells Yuzu that nothing happened between her and Himeko, who gets told off by her when she tries to interrupt their date. Yuzu eventually arrives at her father's grave, where Yuzu, noticing Mei's feelings about her own father, feels she should give up on her love and try to become an ideal sister instead. The next day, Mei collapses with a fever just before a student council meeting, so Yuzu urges Himeko to attend the meetings in Mei's while she looks after her. Afterwards, Yuzu encourage Himeko to be more honest with her feelings and make up with Mei. Later that night, Yuzu and Mei are visited by Mei's father, Shou.
6'out of love'February 10, 2018
Mei seems to be at odds with Shou, who would rather travel the world than inherit the school like Mei had hoped. Having been raised by her father with that in mind, Mei, feeling she has no one else to rely on, attempts to comfort herself physically with Yuzu, but Yuzu slaps her before things can go any further. The next day, after learning that Shou is setting off abroad yet again, Yuzu urges Mei to work hard for her own sake, encouraging her to see her father off before he leaves. Later, as Yuzu and Mei's relationship starts to deepen, a sinister girl decides to pay Yuzu a visit.
7'love or lie!'February 17, 2018
Feeling downhearted after Mei tells her to end their kissing habits, Yuzu comes across her childhood friend, Matsuri Mizusawa, becoming perturbed when she hears about her dubious methods of earning money. After glancing through Yuzu's phone, Matsuri catches onto her crush on Mei and almost forces herself onto her until Yuzu receives a call from Mei. Noticing Mei across the street, Matsuri forces a kiss upon Yuzu in front of her. The next day, Matsuri shows up at Yuzu's school to invite Yuzu on a date, effectively declaring war against Mei.
8'war of love'February 24, 2018
Yuzu brings Mei along to her date with Matsuri, who continues to push her interests on Yuzu despite her objections. Managing to separate her from Yuzu, Matsuri issues a warning to Mei, who kisses her as payback for the kiss she stole from Yuzu, unaware that Matsuri had some kids take a photo of them. After Matsuri takes her leave, Yuzu walks home with Mei, inviting her to a family party on Christmas Eve. The next day, as Yuzu prepares to make a cake for the party, Matsuri appears before Mei.
9'love is'March 3, 2018
Using the picture she had taken as blackmail, Matsuri instructs Mei to satisfy some of her 'text friends'. Keeping this a secret, Mei claims that she is too busy to go to the party and tells Yuzu to go on a date with Matsuri instead. The next day, Matsuri becomes frustrated with Yuzu speaking so much about Mei, revealing that Mei is meeting with one of her customers as they speak. Stating that Mei was being considerate of Matsuri this whole time, Yuzu goes in search for her, relieved to find she did not go through with anything, while Matsuri decides to delete the photo. Later that night, Mei makes a sexual advance on Yuzu.
10'winter of love'March 10, 2018
Mei offers to sleep with Yuzu as gratitude for everything she had done for her, but Yuzu finds herself unable to do it, upsetting Mei. Upon missing her train to her school's trip to Kyoto, Yuzu comes across a Kyoto schoolgirl named Sara Tachibana who had also missed her train back home, and the two ride another train headed to Kyoto. As the two catch up to their respective schools, Sara explains how she fell in love with a girl who helped her when she got lost, offering Yuzu some advice as she laments her worries about Mei. As Yuzu unsuccessfully tries to talk things over with Mei, Sara's twin sister, Nina, discovers that Yuzu is in love with Mei, the same person Sara fell in love with.
11'love you only'March 17, 2018
Hearing that Yuzu's school is visiting the Yasaka Shrine said to improve romantic relationships, Nina encourages Sara to go there so she can confess to Mei. As Yuzu remains tries to sort out her feelings towards Mei, Sara confesses to Mei herself. As Yuzu feels downhearted by this news, Sara encourages her not to give up on her love, only learning afterwards that Mei is the one she loves. That night, Yuzu sneaks into Mei's room, where she tries to make a move on Mei before she is thrown out. The next day, as Yuzu goes in search for Mei, Nina tries to stop her, revealing that Sara is the one Mei is on a date with.
12'my love goes on and on'March 24, 2018
Despite Nina's warning, Yuzu decides to respect her promise and pursue Mei with all her heart. Asking Yuzu to meet up with her, Sara encourages Yuzu to go after Mei and make a proper effort to understand her feelings. Thinking long and hard about what happened that Christmas night, Yuzu chases after Mei and finally tells her her true feelings, which are reciprocated by Mei. Afterwards, Yuzu and Mei apologise to Sara and Nina for all the trouble they caused before the two decide to start officially dating each other.

Notes[edit]

  1. ^All English episode titles are taken from Crunchyroll.

Reception[edit]

Citrus appeared on The New York Times best seller list for manga five times in 2015.[31] In a review of the manga's first volume by Rebecca Silverman of Anime News Network, Citrus is described as having emotionally interesting characters with the contrasting personalities of Yuzu and Mei, and their relationship is likened to a 'yuri version of the twins' from Arisa.' Silverman praises Saburouta's use of reader hindsight, pointing out that Mei's actions can be seen in a different light as the series progresses due to Saburouta giving a slow understanding of her character. However, the non-consensual elements of the manga are described as uncomfortable in contrast with gentler yuri manga that have previously been released in English.[1]

References[edit]

  1. ^ ab'Citrus GN 1 - Review'. Anime News Network. January 25, 2015. Archived from the original on July 11, 2017. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  2. ^'Crunchyroll's 2017 Co-Productions'. Crunchyroll. December 30, 2017. Retrieved February 14, 2018.
  3. ^ abcde'Citrus Yuri Anime Casts Ayana Taketatsu, Minami Tsuda, Yukiyo Fujii'. Anime News Network. June 15, 2017. Archived from the original on June 15, 2017. Retrieved June 15, 2017.
  4. ^ abcdefghijklm'Stream & Watch Citrus'. Funimation. January 25, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
  5. ^ ab'Citrus Anime's 1st Promo Video Reveals Staff, More Cast, January Premiere'. Anime News Network. September 1, 2017. Archived from the original on October 6, 2017. Retrieved September 1, 2017.
  6. ^'【PV】一迅社／コミック百合姫　サブロウタ「citrus」１～3巻' (in Japanese). Ichijinsha's YouTube Channel. Archived from the original on November 27, 2014. Retrieved November 28, 2014.
  7. ^ abcde'Staff and Cast' (in Japanese). Passione. Archived from the original on September 2, 2017. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
  8. ^コミック百合姫　2013年1月号 [Comic Yuri Hime January 2013 issue] (in Japanese). Tohan Corporation. Archived from the original on April 13, 2014. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
  9. ^コミック百合姫 [Comic Yuri Hime] (in Japanese). Ichijinsha. Archived from the original on November 19, 2014. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
  10. ^'Saburouta's Citrus Manga Ends on August 18'. Anime News Network. July 17, 2018. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  11. ^ ab'Citrus (1)' (in Japanese). Ichijinsha. Archived from the original on April 13, 2014. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
  12. ^ ab'Citrus (9)' (in Japanese). Ichijinsha. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
  13. ^''Citrus' Drama CD to be Released With Manga'. Crunchyroll. May 18, 2015. Archived from the original on May 19, 2015. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
  14. ^ ab'Seven Seas Licenses Saburouta's Yuri Manga Citrus'. Anime News Network. January 31, 2014. Archived from the original on April 5, 2014. Retrieved April 11, 2014.
  15. ^'Citrus' (in German). Tokyopop. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.
  16. ^'Citrus ซีตรัส 1' (in Thai). Zenshu. Archived from the original on December 16, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.
  17. ^《citrus~柑橘味香氣~》 (in Chinese). Tongli Publishing. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
  18. ^'Citrus Yuri Manga Gets Citrus Plus Spinoff in Winter'. Anime News Network. August 22, 2018. Retrieved August 22, 2018.
  19. ^ abcdefghij'Series: Citrus'. Seven Seas Entertainment. Archived from the original on May 17, 2017. Retrieved May 19, 2017.
  20. ^'Citrus (2)' (in Japanese). Ichijinsha. Archived from the original on April 13, 2014. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
  21. ^'Citrus (3)' (in Japanese). Ichijinsha. Archived from the original on November 29, 2014. Retrieved November 28, 2014.
  22. ^'Citrus (4)' (in Japanese). Ichijinsha. Archived from the original on July 9, 2015. Retrieved December 1, 2015.
  23. ^'Citrus (5)' (in Japanese). Ichijinsha. Archived from the original on August 10, 2016. Retrieved January 4, 2017.
  24. ^'Citrus (6)' (in Japanese). Ichijinsha. Archived from the original on February 11, 2017. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  25. ^'Citrus (7)' (in Japanese). Ichijinsha. Archived from the original on April 17, 2017. Retrieved May 19, 2017.
  26. ^'Citrus (8)' (in Japanese). Ichijinsha. Archived from the original on November 17, 2017. Retrieved November 16, 2017.
  27. ^'Citrus (10)' (in Japanese). Ichijinsha. Retrieved September 15, 2018.
  28. ^'Citrus TV Anime Premieres on January 6'. Anime News Network. November 16, 2017. Archived from the original on November 17, 2017. Retrieved November 16, 2017.
  29. ^'nano.RIPE, Mia REGINA Perform Theme Songs for Citrus Anime'. Anime News Network. November 18, 2017. Archived from the original on November 18, 2017. Retrieved November 18, 2017.
  30. ^'Crunchyroll, Funimation Announce 7 Anime for Winter 2018 Simulcast Season'. Anime News Network. December 14, 2017. Archived from the original on December 14, 2017. Retrieved December 14, 2017.
  31. ^'New York Times Manga Best Seller List, December 28-January 3'. Anime News Network. January 9, 2015. Archived from the original on August 1, 2017. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
    'New York Times Manga Best Seller List, April 12–18'. Anime News Network. April 24, 2015. Archived from the original on October 17, 2017. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
    'New York Times Manga Best Seller List, April 19–25'. Anime News Network. May 2, 2015. Archived from the original on October 17, 2017. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
    'New York Times Manga Best Seller List, August 16–22'. Anime News Network. August 28, 2015. Archived from the original on October 17, 2017. Retrieved October 16, 2017.
    'New York Times Manga Best Seller List, August 23–29'. Anime News Network. September 4, 2015. Archived from the original on October 17, 2017. Retrieved October 16, 2017.

External links[edit]

  • Anime official website(in Japanese)
  • Citrus (manga) at Anime News Network's encyclopedia
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Citrus_(manga)&oldid=893422320'
(Redirected from Yuri (manga))
Dealing with the romance between an 'average blonde' and a 'stately brunette' at a girls' boarding school, Shiroi Heya no Futari (1971), the first yuri manga,[1] established archetypes that can be seen even in yuri works of the 2000s.[2]
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Yuri (百合, 'lily'), also known by the wasei-eigo construction Girls' Love (ガールズラブgāruzu rabu),[3] is a Japanese jargon term for content and a genre involving lesbian relationships or homoeroticism in light novels, manga, anime, video games and related Japanese media.[4][5]Yuri focuses on the sexual orientation or the romantic orientation aspects of the relationship, or both, the latter of which is sometimes called shōjo-ai by Western fandom.[6]

The themes yuri deals with have their roots in the Japanese lesbian fiction of the early twentieth century,[7][8] with pieces such as Yaneura no Nishojo by Nobuko Yoshiya.[9] Nevertheless, it is not until the 1970s that lesbian-themed works began to appear in manga, by the hand of artists such as Ryoko Yamagishi and Riyoko Ikeda.[1] The 1990s brought new trends in manga and anime, as well as in dōjinshi productions, along with more acceptance for this kind of content.[10] In 2003, the first manga magazine specifically dedicated to yuri, Yuri Shimai, was launched, and this was followed by its revival Comic Yuri Hime, which was launched after the former was discontinued in 2004.[11][12]

Raw Manga Zip

As a genre, yuri content could target either a male or a female audience. Although yuri originated in female-targeted works, today it is featured in male-targeted ones as well.[8]Yuri manga from male-targeted magazines include titles such as Kannazuki no Miko and Strawberry Panic!, as well as those from Comic Yuri Hime's male-targeted sister magazine, Comic Yuri Hime S, which was launched in 2007.[13]

  • 1Definition and semantic drift
  • 3Publications
  • 4Demographics

Definition and semantic drift[edit]

Part of a series on
Anime and manga

Etymology[edit]

The word yuri (百合) literally means 'lily', and is a relatively common Japanese feminine name.[4] In 1976, Bungaku Itō, editor of Barazoku (薔薇族, lit. rose tribe), a magazine geared primarily towards gay men, first used the term yurizoku (百合族, lit. lily tribe) in reference to female readers in the title of a column of letters called Yurizoku no heya (百合族の部屋, lit. lily tribe's room).[14] It is unclear whether this was the first instance of this usage of the term. Not all women whose letters appeared in this short-lived column were necessarily lesbians, but some were and gradually an association developed. For example, the tanbi magazine Allan (アランAran) began running a Yuri Tsūshin(百合通信, 'Lily Communication') personal ad column in July 1983 for 'lesbiennes' to communicate.[15] Along the way, many dōjinshi circles incorporated the name 'Yuri' or 'Yuriko' into lesbian-themed hentai (pornographic) dōjinshi, and the 'zoku' or 'tribe' portion of this word was subsequently dropped.[6] Since then, the meaning has drifted from its mostly pornographic connotation to describe the portrayal of intimate love, sex, or the intimate emotional connections between women.[16]

Japanese vis-à-vis Western usage[edit]

As of 2009, the term yuri is used in Japan to mean the depiction of attraction between women (whether sexual or romantic; explicit or implied) in manga, anime, and related entertainment media, as well as the genre of stories primarily dealing with this content.[5][16] The wasei-eigo construction 'Girls Love' (ガールズラブgāruzu rabu), occasionally spelled 'Girl's Love' or 'Girls' Love', or abbreviated as 'GL', is also used with this meaning.[3][16]Yuri is generally a form of fanspeak amongst fans, but its usage by authors and publishers has increased since 2005.[3][5] The term 'Girls Love', on the other hand, is primarily used by the publishers.[16][17]

In North America, yuri has initially been used to denote only the most explicit end of the spectrum, deemed primarily as a variety of hentai.[6] Following the pattern of shōnen-ai, a term already in use in North America to describe content involving non-sexual relationships between men, Western fans coined the term shōjo-ai to describe yuri without explicit sex.[6] In Japan, the term shōjo-ai (少女愛, lit. girl love) is not used with this meaning,[6] and instead tends to denote pedophilia (actual or perceived), with a similar meaning to the term lolicon (Lolita complex).[18] The Western use of yuri has broadened in the 2000s, picking up connotations from the Japanese use.[16] American publishing companies such as ALC Publishing and Seven Seas Entertainment have also adopted the Japanese usage of the term to classify their yuri manga publications.[19][20]

Thematic history[edit]

Among the first Japanese authors to produce works about love between women was Nobuko Yoshiya,[9] a novelist active in the Taishō and Shōwa periods of Japan.[21] Yoshiya was a pioneer in Japaneselesbian literature, including the early twentieth century Class S genre.[22] These kinds of stories depict lesbian attachments as emotionally intense yet platonic relationships, destined to be curtailed by graduation from school, marriage, or death.[21] The root of this genre is in part the contemporary belief that same-sex love was a transitory and normal part of female development leading into heterosexuality and motherhood.[23] Class S stories in particular tell of strong emotional bonds between schoolgirls, a mutual crush between an upperclassman and an underclassman.[22]

Around the 1970s, yuri began to appear in shōjo manga,[1] presenting some of the characteristics found in the lesbian literature of the early twentieth century.[7] This early yuri generally features an older looking, more sophisticated woman, and a younger, more awkward admirer. The two deal with some sort of unfortunate schism between their families, and when rumors of their lesbian relationship spread, they are received as a scandal. The outcome is a tragedy, with the more sophisticated girl somehow dying at the end.[7] In general, the yuri manga of this time could not avoid a tragic ending.[24][25]Ryoko Yamagishi's Shiroi Heya no Futari, the first manga involving a lesbian relationship,[1] is a prime example, as it was 'prototypical' for many yuri stories of the 1970s and 1980s.[26] It is also in the 1970s that shōjo manga began to deal with transsexualism and transvestism,[27] sometimes depicting female characters as manly looking, which was inspired by the women playing male roles in the Takarazuka Revue.[28] These traits are most prominent in Riyoko Ikeda's works,[29] including The Rose of Versailles, Oniisama e..., and Claudine...![30] Some shōnen works of this period feature lesbian characters too, but these are mostly depicted as fanservice and comic relief.[31]

In general, manga from specialized yuri publications, such as Kuchibiru Tameiki Sakurairo, display more explicit depictions of physical affection: from holding hands to kissing, and in some cases even sex scenes.

Some of these formulas began to weaken during the 1990s:[10] manga stories such as Jukkai me no Jukkai by Wakuni Akisato, published in 1992, began to move away from the tragic outcomes and stereotyped dynamics.[32] This stood side-by-side with dōjinshi works, which at the time were largely influenced by the immense popularity of Sailor Moon,[33] the first mainstream manga and anime series featuring a 'positive' portrayal of an openly lesbiancouple.[8][29] Furthermore, many of the people behind this show went on to make Revolutionary Girl Utena, a shōjo anime series where the main storyline focuses on a yuri relationship, which is widely regarded today as a masterpiece.[34] Male-targeted works such as the Devilman Lady anime series, based on a homonym seinen manga by Go Nagai, began to deal with lesbian themes in a more 'mature manner' too.[35] The first magazines specifically targeted towards lesbians appeared around this period, containing sections featuring yuri manga.[36] These stories range from high school crush to lesbian life and love, featuring different degrees of sexual content.[36][37] It is at this point (the mid-1990s) that lesbian-themed works began to be acceptable.[29]

Japanese Raw Manga

The later 1990s brought Oyuki Konno's Maria-sama ga Miteru, which by 2004 was a bestseller among yuri novels.[38] This story revisits what was being written at the time of Nobuko Yoshiya:[39] strong emotional bonds between females, mostly revolving around the school upperclassman-underclassman dynamic, like those portrayed in Class S.[39] Another prominent author of this period is Kaho Nakayama, active since the early 1990s, with works involving love stories among lesbians.[38]

Around the early 2000s, the first magazines specifically dedicated to yuri manga were launched,[11][12] containing stories dealing with a wide range of themes: from intense emotional connections such as that depicted in Voiceful, to more explicit school-girl romances like those portrayed in First Love Sisters,[40] and realistic tales about love between adult women such as those seen in Rakuen no Jōken.[41] Some of these subjects are seen in male-targeted works of this period as well,[42][43] sometimes in combination with other themes, including mecha and science fiction.[44][45] Examples include series such as Kannazuki no Miko, Blue Drop, and Kashimashi: Girl Meets Girl. In addition, male-targeted stories tend to make extensive use of moe and bishōjo characterizations.[13]

In the 2010s, yuri stories by lesbian creators became more prominent, such as My Lesbian Experience With Loneliness.[46]

Publications[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Cover of the autumn 2004 issue of Yuri Shimai, illustrated by Reine Hibiki, the illustrator for the yuri light novel series Maria-sama ga Miteru.

In the mid 90s and early 2000s some Japanese lesbian lifestyle magazines contain manga sections, including the now-defunct magazines Anise (1996–97, 2001–03) and Phryné (1995).[36]Carmilla, an erotic lesbian publication,[36] released an anthology of lesbian manga called Girl's Only.[47] Additionally, Mist (1996–99), a ladies' comic manga magazine, contained sexually explicit lesbian-themed manga as part of a section dedicated to lesbian-interest topics.[36]

The first publication marketed exclusively as yuri was Sun Magazine's manga anthology magazine Yuri Shimai, which was released between June 2003 and November 2004 in quarterly installments, ending with only five issues.[11] After the magazine's discontinuation, Comic Yuri Hime was launched by Ichijinsha in July 2005 as a revival of the magazine,[5] containing manga by many of the authors who had had work serialized in Yuri Shimai.[12] Like its predecessor, Comic Yuri Hime was also published quarterly but went on to release bimonthly on odd months from January 2011 to December 2016, after which it became monthly.[48][49].[12] A sister magazine to Comic Yuri Hime named Comic Yuri Hime S was launched as a quarterly publication by Ichijinsha in June 2007.[50] Unlike either Yuri Shimai or Comic Yuri Hime, Comic Yuri Hime S was targeted towards a male audience.[13] However, in 2010 it was merged with Comic Yuri Hime.[51] Ichijinsha published light novel adaptations from Comic Yuri Hime works and original yuri novels under their shōjo light novel line Ichijinsha Bunko Iris starting in July 2008.[52]

Once Comic Yuri Hime helped establish the market, several other yuri anthologies were released, such as Yuri Koi Girls Love Story [ja], Hirari, Mebae, Yuri Drill, Yuri + Kanojo and Eclair.[53][54][55][56][57]Houbunsha also published their own yuri magazine, Tsubomi, from February 2009 to December 2012 for a total of 21 issues.[58][59] After a successful crowdfunding campaign, the creator-owned yuri anthology magazine Galette was launched in 2017.[60][61]

English[edit]

The first company to release lesbian-themed manga in North America was Yuricon's publishing arm ALC Publishing.[62] Their works include Rica Takashima's Rica 'tte Kanji!?—which in 2006 was course material for Professor Kerridwen Luis' Anthropology 166B course at Brandeis University[63][64]—and their annual yuri manga anthology Yuri Monogatari; both were first released in 2003.[62] The latter collects stories by American, European, and Japanese creators, including Akiko Morishima, Althea Keaton, Kristina Kolhi, Tomomi Nakasora, and Eriko Tadeno.[65][66] These works range from fantasy stories to more realistic tales dealing with themes such as coming out and sexual orientation.[66]

Besides ALC Publishing, the Los Angeles-based Seven Seas Entertainment has also incurred in the genre, with the English version of well known titles such as the Kashimashi: Girl Meets Girl manga and the Strawberry Panic! light novels.[20] On October 24, 2006, Seven Seas announced the launch of their specialized yuri manga line, which includes works such as the Strawberry Panic! manga, The Last Uniform,[20] and Comic Yuri Hime's compilations such as Voiceful and First Love Sisters.[40] Between 2011 and 2013, the now-defunct JManga released several yuri titles to its digital subscription platform, before terminating service on March 13, 2013.[67] As of 2017, VIZ Media and Yen Press began publishing yuri manga,[68][69] with Tokyopop following in 2018.[70]Kodansha Comics announced its debut into publishing both yuri and yaoi manga in 2019, as well as Digital Manga launching a new imprint specializing in yuridōjin manga.[71][72]

By the mid 2010s, yuri video games also began to be officially translated into English. In 2015, MangaGamer announced they would be releasing A Kiss for the Petals, the first license of a yuri game to have an English translation. MangaGamer went on to publish Kindred Spirits on the Roof in 2016, which was one of the first adult visual novels to be released uncensored on the Steam store.[73]

Free Manga Raw

Outside Japan[edit]

As yuri gained further recognition outside Japan, some artists began creating original English-language manga that were labeled as yuri or having yuri elements and subplots. Early examples of original English-language yuri comics include Steady Beat by Rivkah LaFille and 12 Days by June Kim, which were published between 2005 and 2006. Additionally, more English-developed visual novels and indie games have marketed themselves as yuri games.[74] This has been aided by the Yuri Game Jam, a game jam established in 2015 that takes place annually.[75]

Demographics[edit]

A common misconception about demographics within yuri readership and viewers is that it must mirror the demographics of yaoi, meaning that just as yaoi is primarily made by and for women, yuri must be made primarily by and for men. However, while yuri as a genre has evolved to also target a male audience, its origins in female-targeted (shōjo, josei) works has kept its female audiences over time.[76] Various studies have been done in Japan to try and determine what the typical profile of a yuri fan is.

Publishers' studies[edit]

The first magazine to study the demographics of its readers was Yuri Shimai (2003-2004), who estimated the proportion of women at almost 70%, and that the majority of them were either teenagers or women in their thirties who were already interested in shōjo and yaoi manga.[77] In 2008, Ichijinsha made a demographic study for its two magazines Comic Yuri Hime and Comic Yuri Hime S, the first being targeted to women, the second to men. The study reveals that women accounted for 73% of Comic Yuri Hime readership, while in Comic Yuri Hime S, men accounted for 62%. The publisher noted, however, that readers of the latter magazine also tended to read the first, which led to their merger in 2010.[51] Regarding the age of women for Comic Yuri Hime, 27% of them were under 20 years old, 27% between 20 and 24 years old, 23% between 25 and 29 years old, and 23% over 30 years old.[77] As of 2017, the ratio between men and women is said to have shifted to about 6:4, thanks in part to the Comic Yuri Hime S merge and the mostly male readership YuruYuri brought with it.[78]

Academic studies[edit]

Verena Maser conducted her own study of Japanese yuri fandom demographics between September and October 2011.[77] This study mainly oriented towards the Yuri Komyu! community and the Mixi social network, receiving a total of 1,352 valid responses. The study found that 52.4% of respondents were women, 46.1% were men and 1.6% did not identify with either gender. The sexuality of the participants was also requested, separated into two categories: 'heterosexual' and 'non-heterosexual'. The results were as follows: 30% were non-heterosexual women, 15.2% were heterosexual women, 4.7% were non-heterosexual men, 39.5% were heterosexual men and 1.2% identified as 'other'. Regarding age, 69% of respondents were between 16 and 25 years old. Maser's study reinforced the notion of the yuri fandom being split somewhat equally between men and women, as well as highlighting the differing sexualities within it.

See also[edit]

Notes and references[edit]

  1. ^ abcdBrown, Rebecca (2005). 'An Introduction to Yuri Manga and Anime (page 1)'. AfterEllen.com. Archived from the original on March 3, 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-18.
  2. ^Friedman, Erica (2006-06-27). 'Yuri Manga: Maya's Funeral Procession / Maya no Souretsu'. Okazu. Yuricon. Retrieved 2015-05-06.
  3. ^ abcMorishima, Akiko (January 2008). 'YurixYuri Kenbunroku'. Comic Yuri Hime (in Japanese) (11). ASIN B00120LP56.
  4. ^ abCharlton, Sabdha. 'Yuri Fandom on the Internet'. Yuricon. Retrieved 2008-01-13.
  5. ^ abcd'Joseidōshi no LOVE wo egaita, danshi kinsei no 'Yuri būmu' gayattekuru!?' (in Japanese). Cyzo. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
  6. ^ abcdeFriedman, Erica. 'What is Yuri?'. What are Yuri and Shoujoai, anyway?. Yuricon and ALC Publishing. Archived from the original on 6 April 2005. Retrieved 20 May 2005.
  7. ^ abcFujimoto, Yukari (1998). Watashi no Ibasho wa Doko ni Aruno? (Where do I belong?) (in Japanese). Tokyo: Gakuyo Shobo. ISBN4-313-87011-3.
  8. ^ abc'Interview: Erica Friedman (page 2)'. Manga. About.com. Retrieved 2008-03-06.
  9. ^ abTsuchiya, Hiromi (March 9–12, 2000). 'Yoshiya Nobuko's Yaneura no nishojo (Two Virgins in the Attic): Female-Female Desire and Feminism'. Homosexual/Homosocial Subtexts in Early 20th-Century Japanese Culture. San Diego, CA: Abstracts of the 2000 AAS Annual Meeting. Archived from the original on 2001-02-21. Retrieved 2008-02-24.
  10. ^ ab'Maria-sama ga Miteru to Yuri Sakuhin no Rekishi' (in Japanese). Archived from the original on March 25, 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-16. Sources: Watashi no Ibasho wa Doko ni Aruno? by Yukari Fujimoto (ISBN4313870113), Otoko Rashisa to Iu Byōki? Pop-Culture no Shin Danseigaku by Kazuo Kumada (ISBN4833110679), and Yorinuki Dokusho Sōdanshitsu (ISBN978-4860110345).
  11. ^ abc'Yuri Shimai'. ComiPedia. Retrieved 2008-01-19.
  12. ^ abcd'Comic Yuri Hime'. ComiPedia. Archived from the original on 2008-01-23. Retrieved 2015-04-04.
  13. ^ abc'Ichijinsha's info about Comic Yuri Hime S' (in Japanese). Ichijinsha. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
  14. ^'Yurizoku no heya (lily tribe's room)'. Barazoku (Rose tribe) (in Japanese): 66–70. November 1976.After this first column, Yurizoku no heya appeared sporadically through the mid-1980s.
  15. ^Welker, James (2008). 'Lilies of the Margin: Beautiful Boys and Queer Female Identities in Japan'. In Fran Martin; Peter Jackson; Audrey Yue (eds.). AsiaPacifQueer: Rethinking Genders and Sexualities. University of Illinois Press. pp. 46–66. ISBN978-0-252-07507-0.
  16. ^ abcde'Interview: Erica Friedman (page 1)'. Manga. About.com. Retrieved 2008-05-17.
  17. ^'Comic Yuri Hime official website' (in Japanese). Ichijinsha. Retrieved 2008-01-19. Ichijinsha classifies their yuri manga publication Comic Yuri Hime as a 'Girls Love' comic magazine.
  18. ^Miyajima, Kagami (April 4, 2005). Shōjo-ai (in Japanese). Sakuhinsha. ISBN4-86182-031-6.
  19. ^'ALC Publishing'. Yuricon. Retrieved 2011-12-05.
  20. ^ abc'Yuri on the Seven Seas!'. Seven Seas Entertainment. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
  21. ^ abSuzuki, Michiko (August 2006). 'Writing Same-Sex Love: Sexology and Literary Representation in Yoshiya Nobuko's Early Fiction'. The Journal of Asian Studies. 65 (3): 575. doi:10.1017/S0021911806001148. Retrieved 2008-01-23.
  22. ^ abRobertson, Jennifer (August 1992). 'The Politics of Androgyny in Japan: Sexuality and Subversion in the Theater and Beyond'. American Ethnologist (3 ed.). 19 (3): 427. doi:10.1525/ae.1992.19.3.02a00010. JSTOR645194.
  23. ^Dollase, Hiromi (2003). 'Early Twentieth Century Japanese Girls' Magazine Stories: Examining Shōjo Voice in Hanamonogatari (Flower Tales)'. The Journal of Popular Culture. 36 (4): 724–755. doi:10.1111/1540-5931.00043. ISSN0022-3840. OCLC1754751.
  24. ^Natsume, Fusanosuke (1999). Manga no Yomikata (How to read manga). Tokyo: Takarajimasha.
  25. ^Schodt, Frederik (1996). Dreamland Japan: Writings on Modern Manga. Berkeley, CA: Stone Bridge Press. ISBN978-1-880656-23-5.
  26. ^Welker, James (2006). 'Drawing Out Lesbians: Blurred Representations of Lesbian Desire in Shōjo Manga'. In Chandra, Subhash (ed.). Lesbian Voices: Canada and the World: Theory, Literature, Cinema. New Delhi: Allied Publishers Pvt. ISBN81-8424-075-9.
  27. ^Thorn, Matt. 'Unlikely Explorers: Alternative Narratives of Love, Sex, Gender, and Friendship in Japanese 'Girls' Comics'. Archived from the original on 2008-02-12. Retrieved 2008-10-25.
  28. ^Welker, James (2006). 'Beautiful, Borrowed, and Bent: 'Boys' Love' as Girls' Love in Shōjo Manga'. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society. 31 (3): 841. doi:10.1086/498987.
  29. ^ abcSubramian, Erin. 'Women-loving Women in Modern Japan'. Yuricon. Retrieved 2008-01-23.
  30. ^Corson, Suzanne (2007). 'Yuricon Celebrates Lesbian Anime and Manga'. AfterEllen.com. Archived from the original on March 23, 2008. Retrieved 2007-05-01.
  31. ^Ebiharai, Akiko (2002). 'Japan's Feminist Fabulation: Reading Marginal with Unisex Reproduction as a Key Concept'. Genders Journal (36). Retrieved 2015-04-04.
  32. ^'Shōjo Yuri Manga Guide'. Yuricon. Retrieved June 2, 2011.
  33. ^Hayama, Torakichi. 'What is Doujin?'. Akiba Angels. Archived from the original on 2008-03-07. Retrieved 2008-03-07.
  34. ^Friedman, Erica (2007). 'Erica Friedman's Guide to Yuri'. AfterEllen.com. Archived from the original on March 29, 2008. Retrieved 2007-11-20.
  35. ^Huxley, John. 'The Devil Lady Review'. Anime Boredom. Archived from the original on 2008-07-05. Retrieved 2015-04-04.
  36. ^ abcdeWelker, James; Suganuma, Katsuhiko (January 2006). 'Celebrating Lesbian Sexuality: An Interview with Inoue Meimy, Editor of Japanese Lesbian Erotic Lifestyle Magazine Carmilla'. Intersections: Gender, History and Culture in the Asian Context (12). Retrieved 2008-01-30.
  37. ^'ALC Publishing announces yuri manga Works by Eriko Tadeno'. Active Anime. Archived from the original on 2008-06-11. Retrieved 2008-02-24.Works by Eriko Tadeno is an anthology of four stories and three short gag comics that were originally published in Phryné, Anise and Mist magazines.
  38. ^ abAzuma, Erika (June 2004). Yorinuki Dokusho Sōdanshitsu (in Japanese). Hon no Zasshisha. ISBN978-4-86011-034-5.
  39. ^ ab'Esu toiu kankei'. Bishōjo gaippai! Wakamono ga hamaru Marimite world no himitsu (in Japanese). Excite. Archived from the original on February 21, 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-05.
  40. ^ ab'Newtype USA Reviews Voiceful and First Love Sisters Vol. 1'. Seven Seas Entertainment. Retrieved 2008-01-27.
  41. ^'Rakuen no Jōken' (in Japanese). Ichijinsha. Archived from the original on 2008-06-24. Retrieved 2015-04-04.
    'Rakuen no Jouken / 楽園の条件'. Okazu. Retrieved 2015-04-04.
  42. ^Rasmussen, David. 'Kashimashi Review'. Anime Boredom. Archived from the original on 2008-08-21. Retrieved 2015-04-04.
  43. ^Santos, Carlo (2008-02-05). 'Right Turn Only!!'. Anime News Network. Retrieved 2008-02-28.
  44. ^'Kannazuki No Miko Reviews'. Mania.com. Archived from the original on 2015-04-09. Retrieved 2015-04-04.
    Friedman, Erica. 'Kannazuki no Miko – New Yuri Anime Season Autumn 2004'. Okazu. Retrieved 2015-04-04.
  45. ^'Yuri anime & gemu daitokushū'. Comic Yuri Hime S (in Japanese) (2). September 2007. ASIN B000VWRJGU.
  46. ^'Rethinking Yuri: How Lesbian Mangaka Return the Genre to Its Roots'. The Mary Sue. Retrieved September 18, 2018.
  47. ^'Girl's Only listing at Amazon.co.jp' (in Japanese). Amazon.co.jp. Retrieved 2008-01-30.
  48. ^'中村成太郎@百合姫+gateau'. Ichijinsha (in Japanese). Twitter. Retrieved July 29, 2015.
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Further reading[edit]

  • Nagaike, Kazumi (September 30, 2010). 'The Sexual and Textual Politics of Japanese Lesbian Comics: Reading Romantic and Erotic Yuri Narratives'. Electronic Journal of Contemporary Japanese Studies. Oita University Center for International Education and Research. Archived from the original on March 7, 2012. Retrieved July 18, 2013.
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